A green heterogeneous catalyst production and characterization for biodiesel production using RSM and ANN approach

In this work, naturally available moringa oleifera leaves are chosen as a heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production from palm oil. The dry calcinated up to 700 °C 3 hours improve their adsorbing property. characterization analysis XRD and EDX highlights the presence of calcium, potassium, other elements. Response surface method (RSM) optimization artificial neural network (ANN) modeling were carried out elucidate interaction effect significant process variables on yield. results show that maximum yield 92.82% was achieved at optimum conditions usage (9 wt.%), molar ratio (7:1), temperature (50 °C) reaction time (120 min). (wt.%) identified variable followed by ratio. Furthermore, fuel properties related thermal, physical, chemical, elemental match with established standards ASTM. reutilization reveals more than 50% after five cycles reuse.